AMERICAN PERIOD
OBJECTIVES:
1. Determine the historical struggles of the Filipinos for national independence and development.
2. For a deeper understanding of the establishment of government, economy, socio-cultural conditions during the American Period ;
3. Identification of American influences in the different areas of society(Political, economic, socio-cultural, technological)
Summary
Establishment of American control in the Philippines/ U.S. Policies
American colonial and imperial rule, just like Spanish colonialism was not an accident of history. Months after the American victory in the Spanish American War, events developed exhibiting the interest of the United States in world power, advancing itself as an imperialist nation. The Treaty of Paris was signed in December 10, 1898, stating that Spain shall cede Spanish colonies to the United States. The Philippines was turned over to the U.S. for $20,000.
The Americans established military government in 1898 and a civil government after Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo was captured. The Philippine Commision (1901), Philippine Assembly (1907) and Philippine Legislature(1916) were established. The Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation of President Mckinley meant a U.S. enforcement of sovereignty in the Philippines. Reforms were instituted in education, reorganization and representation in government (democracy), public health, public works and Free Trade. Through the Spooner Amendment and leadership of William Howard Taft many laws were passed (Municipal code, Civil code, Sedition Law, Brigandage Act, Flag Law, Reconcentration Act) to pacify the Filipinos’ struggle for independence against American colonial Rule.
Armed struggle and resistance groups continued in various parts of the country (i.e. Diliman Gang, Macario Sakay, Moros, Pulajanes of Cebu, Ricarte Movement, Apo Ipe, Dios Dios in Samar).
The economy became export oriented and import dependent as the Philippines focused on exporting agricultural products and raw materials. Factories, sugar mills, cigar factories increased and mining, fisheries and logging became major industries. The Agricultural economy during the American period necessitated the implementation of the Homestead Act and Torrens Act.
The Americanization of the Filipinos’ social life took place through the Americanization of names, entry of American films, diet, literature, fad and fashion, music dance and sports. Pacification was implemented through the establishment of Act 74, the public educational system. English was the medium of instruction. Catholicism was tolerated as the freedom of religion was implemented.
References:
Agoncillo, T. (1990). HIstory of the Filipino People. Quezon City: Garotech Publishing.
Constantino, r. (1975). the Philippines; A Past Revisited. Quezon City: Tala Publishing Corporation.
Reynaldo Oliveros, M. C. (2004). Philippine History and Government. Manila, Philippines: IBON Foundation Inc.
Torres, C. E. (2002). Health and Sanitation During the American Period . The Journal of History , 120-138.
Villena, A. C. (2003). Modules in History 1 Philippine History with Life and Workd of Jose P. Laurel. Quezon city, Philippines: Great Books Trading.
Zaide, S. (1994). The Philippines, A Unique Nation. Quezon City, Philippines: All Nations Co., Inc.
QUIZ:
Matching type
1. Wesley Merit: 1st military Governor; ____1st civil governor a. Flag Law
2. 333 years: Spain; ____: America b. confiscation of Friar lands
3. King Phillip: Spain; ____:America c. Amigo Act
4. Philippine Bill 1902: Philippine Assembly: ____: Bicameral d. Agriculture
5. Religion: Spain; _____:America e. Industrialization
6. Economic system during the American period f. Spooner Amendment
7. Countered the Cordon Tactic of the Americans g. Jones Law
8. Ceded the Philippines to America h. forty eight years
9. Law that forbade the display of the Filipino flag i. William Howard Taft
10. Economic policy implemented by the Americans j. education
k. William Mckinley
l. Treaty of Paris
True or False
1. Americans easily vanquished the Spaniards and seized control of the colonies.
2. After subjugating parts of the Philippines, the U.S. established military government.
3. The U.S. had no quota restrictions on Philippine exports
4. 4. The power of the American Governor General in the Philippines was autonomous.
5. Suffrage was a right during the American Period.
6. Free Trade as defined by the Americans, meant the facilitation of duty free exports to other countries.
7. Lands under cultivation expanded during the American period but peasant problems remained.
8. The brightest Filipino students were sent as Illustrados to colleges and universities in America.
9. The educational system was used by the Americans to effectively colonize the Filipinos
10. The economic changes in the Philippines were meant to benefit the American colonizer’s interests.
ESSAY
1. Discuss five (5) examples of the so-called AMERICANIZATION OF THE FILIPINO SOCIAL LIFE.
2. The Cordilleran!!!!!!!!...apros ken kudkod
SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES
I. Log on to http://bulatlat.com/news/4-48/4-48-filipinos.html and read the Article by E. San Juan Jr entitled “Where are You From? When are You Going Back?”
Make a critique on the article. Relate with American influences in the Philippine society today.
II. Watch the move “AMIGO” BY John Sayles. Give a critique.
III. Fill in the columns with your observations on the impact of American colonial rule in the Philippines today.
| Politics and Government | Economic | Socio-cultural |
| | | |
III Group Activity. Read and analyze the poem in terms of advantages and disadvantages of American Imperialism for the Filipinos and the Americans. (Brown Man’s response to the White Man’s Burden)
WHITE MAN’S BURDEN
Take up the White Man’s burden—
Send forth the best ye breed—
Go send your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need
To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child
Take up the White Man’s burden
In patience to abide
To veil the threat of terror
And check the show of pride;
By open speech and simple
An hundred times made plain
To seek another’s profit
And work another’s gain
Take up the White Man’s burden—
And reap his old reward:
The blame of those ye better
The hate of those ye guard—
The cry of hosts ye humour
(Ah slowly) to the light:
"Why brought ye us from bondage,
“Our loved Egyptian night?”
Take up the White Man’s burden-
Have done with childish days-
The lightly proffered laurel,
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